Magit is an extremely helpful Emacs extension to do Git tasks from within the editor. Prefer Vim to Emacs, you say? Fear not: there is an ongoing effort to create a similar plugin for Vim, called Vimagit.
Since Vim has caught the package manager disease, the installation instructions can quickly lead you astray tough, so as a public service; here is how to install it for all users in your (Ubuntu) system:
Now you can add a line like this to your ~/.vimrc to invoke it with a keyboard shortcut: